Ibyerekeye umuringa

Umuringani kimwe mu byuma bya kera byavumbuwe kandi bikoreshwa n'abantu, bifite umuhengeri utukura, imbaraga zidasanzwe 8.89, aho bishongesha 1083.4°C. Umuringa n'ibyuma byawo bikoreshwa cyane kubera ko bifite amashanyarazi meza kandi bitwara neza ubushyuhe, birwanya ingese cyane, byoroshye gutunganya, bifite imbaraga zo gukurura no gukomera ku ntege nke, bikaba ari ibya kabiri nyuma y'icyuma na aluminiyumu mu gukoresha ibikoresho by'icyuma, kandi byabaye ibikoresho by'ibanze n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu bukungu bw'igihugu no mu mibereho y'abaturage, mu mishinga yo kurinda igihugu ndetse no mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'amashanyarazi, mu nganda z'imashini, mu nganda z'ibinyabutabire, mu nganda z'ingabo z'igihugu n'andi mashami. Ifu nziza y'umuringa ni ifu ikozwe mu mabuye y'agaciro make afite umuringa wo mu rwego rwo hasi, ageze ku gipimo runaka cy'ubuziranenge binyuze mu nzira yo kuyatunganya kandi ishobora koherezwa mu buryo butaziguye ku bacuruzi kugira ngo bashongeshe umuringa.

Umuringa ni icyuma gikomeye, aho gishongesha ni dogere selisiyusi 1083, aho gishyuha ni dogere selisiyusi 2310, umuringa w’umutuku usanzwe. Icyuma cy’umuringa gifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara amashanyarazi n’ubushyuhe, kandi ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi ni ubwa kabiri mu byuma byose, nyuma ya feza gusa. Uburyo bwacyo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe ni ubwa gatatu, nyuma ya feza na zahabu. Umuringa w’umutuku urashobora guhindurwa cyane, ungana n’igitonyanga cy’amazi, ushobora gukururwa mu mwenda wa metero 2.000, cyangwa ukazungurutswa mu gapapuro gafite isura igaragara cyane kuruta ubuso bw’igitanda.

 

"Icupa ry'umuringa rya phosphor ryera" rigomba gusobanura "umuringa wa phosphor ufite irangi ryera hejuru". "Icupa ry'umweru" na "umuringa wa phosphor" bigomba kumvikana ukwabyo.

Igipfunyika cy'umweru Ibara ry'ipamba ni umweru. Ibikoresho byo gupfuka biratandukanye cyangwa agapira ko gupfuka biratandukanye, ibara ry'ipamba naryo riratandukanye. Gupfuka fosifore mu muringa ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi ni umweru nta gupfuka.

 

Umuringa wa fosifore - umuringa urimo fosifore. Fosifore umuringa woroshye gushongesha kandi ufite ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika neza, kandi ukoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi.

 

Umuringa utukurani umuringa. Izina ryayo rikomoka ku ibara ryayo ry'umuhengeri. Reba umuringa kugira ngo umenye imiterere itandukanye.

Umuringa utukura ni umuringa usanzwe wo mu nganda, aho ushongesha ni 1083 °C, nta guhindagurika kwa isomerism, kandi ubucucike bwawo ni 8.9, inshuro eshanu ugereranyije na manyeziyumu. Uremereye hafi 15% kurusha icyuma gisanzwe. Wahindutse umutuku w'umuhengeri nyuma yo gukora filime ya okiside ku buso, bityo muri rusange witwa umuringa. Ni umuringa urimo ingano runaka ya ogisijeni, bityo witwa kandi umuringa urimo ogisijeni.

Umuringa utukura witwa ibara ryawo ritukura ry’umutuku. Si ngombwa ko uba ari umuringa usanzwe, kandi rimwe na rimwe hongerwamo ibintu bike byo gusukura cyangwa ibindi bintu kugira ngo binoze ibikoresho n’imikorere, bityo ushyirwa mu cyiciro cya aloyide y’umuringa. Ibikoresho byo gutunganya umuringa byo mu Bushinwa bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine hakurikijwe imiterere: umuringa usanzwe (T1, T2, T3, T4), umuringa udafite ogisijeni (TU1, TU2 n’umuringa utagira ogisijeni nyinshi), umuringa wakuwemo ogisijeni (TUP, TUMn), n’umuringa wihariye (umuringa wa arsenic, umuringa wa tellurium, umuringa wa silver) hamwe n’ibintu bike byo gusukura. Uburyo umuringa utwara amashanyarazi n’ubushyuhe ni ubwa kabiri nyuma ya feza, kandi ukoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibikoresho bitwara amashanyarazi n’ubushyuhe. Umuringa mu kirere, amazi yo mu nyanja na aside zimwe na zimwe zitagabanya ogisijeni (aside hidrokloriki, aside sulfuriki ivanze), alkali, umuti w’umunyu n’ubwoko butandukanye bwa aside organic (aside asetiki, aside citric), urwanya ingese neza, ukoreshwa mu nganda z’ubutabire. Byongeye kandi, umuringa ufite ubushobozi bwo gusudira neza kandi ushobora gukorwamo ibintu bitandukanye birangira neza n'ibicuruzwa birangiye hakoreshejwe uburyo bukonje na thermoplastic. Mu myaka ya 1970, umusaruro w'umuringa utukura warenze umusaruro wose w'ibindi bikoresho byose by'umuringa.